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guerrilla television
Guerrilla television is a term coined in 1971 by Michael Shamberg,〔〔 one of the founders of the Raindance Foundation; the Raindance Foundation has been one of the counter-culture video collectives that in the 1960s and 1970s extended the role of the underground press to new communication technologies.
==History of the term==
In 1969 Michael Shamberg, Paul Ryan and others co-founded a video collective called Raindance Corporation. From 1967 to 1969 Ryan had been a close assistant to Marshal McLuhan.〔(Paul Ryan's Resume )〕〔(Paul Ryan ) at ''Conversations with harold Hudson Channer'' (video)〕 While in 1970 McLuhan spoke of World War III as a "guerrilla information war,"〔Strangelove (2005) p.105〕〔Mcluhan (1970) p.66 quote: "World War III is a guerrilla information war with no division between military and civilian participation."〕 in the same year Ryan wrote for ''Radical Software'', a journal of the Raindance foundation, the article ''Cybernetic guerrilla warfare''. This article inspired Shamberg, in 1971, to coin the term ''Guerrilla television''.〔〔Greenwald, Dara ''The Process is in the Streets: Challenging Media America'' in MacPhee, Josh and Reuland, Erik (2007) (''Realizing the impossible: art against authority'' ), pp. 174–6〕〔Greenwald, Dara (2007) (''The Grassroots Video Pioneers'' ) in ''The Brooklyn Rail'', May 2007〕〔Ryan, Paul (1970) ''Cybernetic guerrilla warfare'' in ''Radical Software'', Volume 1, Issue 3, 1971〕
As early as 1967, Umberto Eco used similar terminology in a lecture he gave in New York City, coining the term "semiological guerrilla" and using expressions like "communications guerrilla warfare" and "cultural guerrilla."〔Eco (1967)〕〔Bondanella (2005) pp. 53, 88–9〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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